Coelacanth
The coelacanths, which are related to lungfishes and tetrapods, were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period.
They first appeared in the fossil record in the Middle Devonian. Prehistoric species of coelacanth lived in many bodies of water in Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic times.
And then someone caught one whilst fishing off the east coast of South Africa, off the Chalumna River in 1938. There was an earlier, well-decayed fish carcass that hadn't been fully investigated.
The significance of this is that the fossil record indicates that this species had been dead for 70 million years because no coelacanth fossils had been found in the millions of years of later strata.
Species: Latimeria chalumnae Family: atimeriidae