Evolution contradictions
There are some established 'contradictions' to the theory of evolution
Natural selection is the process by which favorable heritable traits become more common in successive generations of a population of reproducing organisms, and unfavorable heritable traits become less common, due to differential reproduction of genotypes.
Really! So how does a wing develop using natural selection? There are many generations before the wing is sufficiently developed by random chance before it actually functions. Unless 'Natural selection' is an intelligent process which can anticipate the future, then any partially formed, unusable wing vestiges would be the enemy of natural selection'
And it is not just the wing on a bird that is remarkably well designed. There are feathers (brilliantly designed for the intended purpose) and hollow bones (to make them lighter), blood vessels, muscles and nerves which transfer and receive signals to and from the brain and the brain is able to interpret these signals and transmit back instructions 'on the wing'.
Until all of these parts are fully developed and working the bird cannot fly! In the case of flight, I would also question how any process could develop by chance when there was no concept of what flight was!
There is not enough mud on the ocean floor if the world really was billions of years old. Every year 25 billion tons of dust and mud are dumped in the ocean by water and wind. The average depth is less than 400 meters of mud on the ocean floor. After several billion years there should be many kilometers of mud on the ocean floor.
Also there is not enough salt in the oceans if you consider the age of the oceans if they were millions of years old.
There are too many species which have remained unchanged for millions of years! This infers that the evolutionary process does not apply to some species. Why some and not others?
Coelacanths were supposed to be extinct millions of years go. Then one was caught in the Indian Ocean in 1938 and we now know there are many thriving groups of coelacanths. Strangely enough they are unchanged from their 70 million year old ancestors!
Butterflies have three distinct stages in their lifecycle. Caterpillars develop from the eggs, and then they become chrysalises where their entire body disintigrates into a liquid mass. This liquid somehow reforms into the butterfly which breaks out of the chrysalis, and the process repeats itself.
Is this the product of random chance every time a caterpiller turns itself into a butterfly? Or is this a designed process? Is it written into the DNA for a caterpiller to melt into a liquid mass and then reform into a beautiful butterfly? It is totally unbelievable that this complex process could develop by chance!
These complex stages are all needed to be present at the same time for the first butterfly egg to hatch into another butterfly. Whichever stage was first, the butterfly was programmed(!) to produce it's young with the whole reproduction process already specified, created and in place!
This is just another example of a lifeform being created with fully designed and working life cycle!
The giraffe is an interesting animal. Darwin was 'almost certain' that an ordinary hoofed quadruped might be converted into a giraffe'. If someone did not know of the existance of DNA then I suppose that it is a reasonable assumption! The giraffe needs blood supplied to its head. But it lowers its head to drink. So blood needs to be pumped to the brain but it also needs to be prevented from causing brain damage by pouring down the neck veins and arteries when the head is near the ground! It achieves this by having valves in the jugular vein to control excessive blood flows when the head is raised or lowered; and spongy material at the base of the brain to soak up excess blood.
You couldn't have a giraffe without all these extra, function specific, features and these features simply could not appear before the giraffe 'developed' its long neck. **1
Polystrate trees are fossilised trees that are found upright in rock strata. The bark has generally turned into coal. The tree itself is petrified. The interesting point is that these trees often go through multiple strata which would be impossible if the strata took a long time to form! Obviously these different layers of rocks were all laid down at the same time as the tree was buried.
Look at the Mt. St. Helens volcanic_eruption in 1980 for some fascinating consequences of the eruption.
Think about the Bombadier Beetle. It creates an explosive mixture of noxious fluid and, boils water within its body to produce steam under pressure in order to fire this toxic chemical mixture at an enemy. It only works when all the different components are in place! It is a complex mechanism which would kill the beetle if it malfunctioned. If any part of it was not there then the beetle would die.
The bottom of the oceans. Recent research with cameras being sent to the depths of the ocean floor has revealed the presence of a huge number of different species that exist in a most unfriendly environment!
How did they get there? These species have features that prevent them from being crushed by the pressure of the seawater. But any species that sinks through the water to the bottom would be crushed by the pressure. Yet there are a million plus species living and breeding on the ocean floor! It is not acceptable to think that a lifeform could sink slowly enough to the bottom of the ocean so that it produced thousands of generations which slowly adapted to the increasing depth!
The term Homology refers to those species which have similar body structures but may have different functions. The obvious one is where hands, legs, wings etc are similar parts of the body but have different functions.
This similarity is often attributable to a common origin being modified by natural selection.
For this to be relevant these homologous structures have to originate from the same genes and follow the same homologous patterns of embryological development. This is not the case.**1
References:
**1 - "Creation Revisited - Dr. Colin Mitchell - ISBN 1-873796-80-3